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NATURAL GYPSUM LUMPS
GYPSUM FERTILIZER (AGRICULTURAL GRADE)
GYPSUM FERTILIZER (AGRICULTURAL GRADE)
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- Here are some technical details about
- NATURAL GYPSUM / HS CODE: 202510.
- Raw Gypsum for Alpha Gypsum Production involves careful processing to achieve high purity and quality for industrial applications. Below are the key technical details:
- 1. Composition of Raw Gypsum
- • Chemical Formula: CaSO₄·2H₂O (Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate).
- • Purity:
- • Minimum 93-95% gypsum content is ideal for alpha gypsum production.
- • Lower impurities (less than 2-3%) such as silica, iron oxides, and clay.
- 2. Key Physical Properties of Raw Gypsum
- • Appearance: White to light gray rock or powder.
- • Moisture Content: Should be below 1% for alpha gypsum processing.
- • Particle Size:
- • Typically crushed and ground to <150 microns for calcination.
- • Uniform particle size enhances heating efficiency.
- 3. Alpha Gypsum Production Process
- 1. Selection of High-Quality Raw Gypsum:
- • Gypsum rock with a minimum of 93% purity is chosen.
- 2. Crushing and Grinding:
- • Raw gypsum is crushed to smaller particle sizes for even heating.
- 3. Calcination (Under Pressure):
- • Raw gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) is heated in an autoclave under steam pressure of 1-2 bar.
- • The process occurs at 120-150°C.
- • This controlled calcination produces alpha gypsum (CaSO₄·½H₂O), which has a denser, crystalline structure.
- 4. Drying and Packaging:
- • The final alpha gypsum is dried to ensure low moisture content (<1%) and packaged.
- 4. Properties of Alpha Gypsum
- • High Strength: Used in applications requiring enhanced compressive strength.
- • Density: Higher than beta gypsum due to crystalline structure.
- • Water Demand: Lower water-to-powder ratio compared to beta gypsum.
- • Consistency: Uniform particle distribution for smoother applications.
- 5. Applications of Alpha Gypsum
- • Molds and Moulding Plaster: Used for ceramics, dental, and decorative applications.
- • High-Strength Plasters: For construction and industrial usage.
- • Prefabricated Panels: In building materials requiring durable and strong components.
- • Dental Stones: For precision molds and high-quality finishes.
- 6. Raw Gypsum Specifications for Alpha Gypsum
- Parameter Required Value
- Purity (CaSO₄·2H₂O) Minimum 93-95%
- Moisture Content Less than 1%
- Silica (SiO₂) Less than 2%
- Iron Oxide (Fe₂O₃) Less than 0.5%
- Particle Size (before calcination) <150 microns
- If you require further details about equipment, processing parameters, or specific quality testing standards for raw gypsum to produce alpha gypsum, let me know! 🚧
GYPSUM FERTILIZER (AGRICULTURAL GRADE)
GYPSUM FERTILIZER (AGRICULTURAL GRADE)
GYPSUM FERTILIZER (AGRICULTURAL GRADE)
- Here are some technical details about
- GYPSUM FERTILIZER/HS CODE: 2520.10.10.
- Composition:
- • Chemical Formula: CaSO₄·2H₂O (Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate)
- • Essential Components:
- • Calcium (Ca): 18-23%
- • Sulfur (S): 15-19%
- • Purity: High-quality gypsum fertilizer typically contains >90% gypsum.
- 2. Physical Properties
- • Appearance: White or light gray powder or granules.
- • Particle Size:
- • Fine powder: up to 250 mesh.
- • Granular: 1-4 mm for ease of application.
- • Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (2.0 g/L at 25°C).
- • pH Neutrality: Gypsum does not affect soil pH as it is neither acidic nor alkaline.
- 3. Benefits in Agriculture
- 1. Soil Amendment:
- • Reduces soil compaction and improves structure.
- • Enhances water infiltration and retention in clayey soils.
- 2. Nutrient Supply:
- • Provides Calcium (Ca) for strong cell wall development in plants.
- • Supplies Sulfur (S) for protein synthesis and enzyme activity.
- 3. Reclamation of Sodic Soils:
- • Replaces excess sodium with calcium, reducing soil salinity.
- 4. Improves Root Growth:
- • Aids in better root penetration due to improved soil structure.
- 4. Application Rates
- • General Rate:
- • Powdered Gypsum: 500-2,000 kg/ha depending on soil conditions.
- • Granular Gypsum: 200-1,000 kg/ha.
- • For Sodic Soil Reclamation: Rates can go up to 5,000 kg/ha.
- 5. Advantages over Other Fertilizers
- • Non-toxic and safe for use in organic farming.
- • Cost-effective and widely available.
- • Does not contribute to soil acidity or alkalinity.
- • Improves the soil’s CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) for nutrient holding.
- 6. Key Standards
- • Gypsum fertilizers should meet agricultural standards:
- • Purity: Minimum 85-90% gypsum content.
- • Particle Size: Consistent size distribution for uniform application.
- • Moisture Content: Should be <1-2%.
- If you need specific application guidelines, testing methods, or comparisons with other amendments, let me know! 🌾
Plaster of Paris (POP)
Yellow Silica Sand (Foundry & Molding / Filter & Media Grades)
Yellow Silica Sand (Foundry & Molding / Filter & Media Grades)
- Plaster of Paris (POP): Technical Overview
- Plaster of Paris (POP) is a quick-setting material made by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) to eliminate most of its water content, producing calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO₄·½H₂O).
- 1. Chemical Composition
- • Formula: CaSO₄·½H₂O
- • Reaction with Water:
- This exothermic reaction forms a hard, solid mass as it sets.
- 2. Production Process
- 1. Raw Material: High-purity gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O).
- 2. Calcination:
- • Gypsum is heated at 150-180°C in a rotary kiln or autoclave.
- • The process drives off 75% of the water, forming hemihydrate (POP).
- 3. Grinding and Packaging: The POP is finely ground to a consistent powder and packed.
- 3. Properties of Plaster of Paris
- Property Details
- Appearance Fine, white powder
- Setting Time 10-15 minutes (quick-setting)
- Density 2.6 g/cm³
- Hardness Low (can be scratched easily)
- Water Demand 50-70% (by weight of POP)
- Compressive Strength 10-20 MPa (low strength)
- Thermal Conductivity 0.22-0.30 W/m·K
- pH Neutral to slightly acidic
- 4. Uses of Plaster of Paris
- 1. Construction:
- • Wall coatings and interior decorative elements like false ceilings, cornices, and moldings.
- • Surface Finishing: Provides a smooth finish for walls and ceilings.
- 2. Art and Sculptures:
- • Making statues, molds, and intricate designs.
- 3. Medical:
- • Orthopedic Plasters: POP bandages for immobilizing fractures.
- 4. Molding and Casting:
- • Used for molds in ceramics and jewelry making.
- 5. Fireproofing:
- • POP is fire-resistant and acts as a thermal insulator.
- 5. Advantages of POP
- • Quick Setting: Hardens rapidly (10-15 minutes).
- • Smooth Finish: Provides a fine, crack-free surface.
- • Lightweight: Low density and easy to apply.
- • Non-shrinkage: Minimal shrinkage on drying.
- • Fire Resistance: Safe for indoor construction.
- 6. Limitations of POP
- • Low Strength: Not suitable for load-bearing applications.
- • Moisture Sensitivity: Softens and loses strength in humid conditions.
- • Brittle Nature: Susceptible to cracks and damage.
- 7. Quality Specifications for POP
- Parameter Value
- Purity (CaSO₄·½H₂O) ≥ 95%
- Fineness Retention <1% on 150-micron sieve
- Setting Time Initial: 6-15 mins, Final: <25 mins
- Compressive Strength ≥ 10 MPa
- Water Demand 50-70%
- Moisture Content <2%
- 8. Packaging and Storage
- • Packaging: POP is typically packed in 25-50 kg bags.
- • Storage:
- • Store in a dry place to avoid moisture absorption.
- • Shelf life is typically 3-6 months in sealed packaging.
- Let me know if you need further details on applications, quality testing methods, or international standards for Plaster of Paris. 🏗️
Yellow Silica Sand (Foundry & Molding / Filter & Media Grades)
Yellow Silica Sand (Foundry & Molding / Filter & Media Grades)
Yellow Silica Sand (Foundry & Molding / Filter & Media Grades)
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- Foundry Sand: Overview and Technical Details
- Foundry sand is a high-quality silica sand used in metal casting processes to create molds and cores. Its unique physical and thermal properties make it essential for achieving precision and repeatability in foundry operations.
- 1. Composition
- • Base Material: High-purity silica sand (SiO₂ content of 85-95%).
- • Additional Components (based on binder and process):
- • Clay (for green sand)
- • Organic Binders (resins, phenolics, etc.)
- • Inorganic Binders (sodium silicate, etc.).
- 2. Key Properties of Foundry Sand
- Property Specification
- Silica Content (SiO₂) 85-95%
- Grain Shape Rounded or sub-angular
- Grain Size 45-150 microns (varies by need)
- Refractoriness >1,500°C
- Thermal Expansion Low
- Moisture Content <0.5%
- pH Neutral to slightly acidic
- 3. Types of Foundry Sand
- 1. Green Sand:
- • A mixture of silica sand, clay (bentonite), water, and additives.
- • Economical and widely used for ferrous and non-ferrous casting.
- 2. Resin-Coated Sand:
- • Coated with phenolic or furan resins for high precision molds.
- • Ideal for complex cores and detailed casting.
- 3. Sodium Silicate Sand:
- • Bonded using sodium silicate, hardened with CO₂.
- • Used for cores and molds requiring high strength.
- 4. Ceramic Sand:
- • Made from synthetic materials (e.g., mullite).
- • High refractoriness and low thermal expansion for premium casting applications.
- 4. Benefits of Foundry Sand
- • Thermal Stability: Withstands high temperatures without melting or deformation.
- • Reusability: Can be recycled multiple times before degradation.
- • Dimensional Accuracy: Ensures precise molds for accurate castings.
- • Low Cost: Economical for large-scale production.
- 5. Applications
- • Metal Casting:
- • Molds and cores for iron, steel, aluminum, and copper alloys.
- • Automotive Industry:
- • Engine blocks, crankshafts, and cylinder heads.
- • Aerospace:
- • High-precision parts requiring strong, smooth molds.
- • Machinery and Tools:
- • Custom cast parts for heavy machinery.
- 6. Recycling and Environmental Use
- • Reusability: Spent foundry sand can be cleaned and reused in molding processes.
- • Alternative Uses:
- • Construction materials (e.g., asphalt, concrete).
- • Soil amendments for agricultural land reclamation.
- • Road base or landfill cover materials.
- Typical Specifications for High-Quality Foundry Sand
- Parameter Value
- SiO₂ Content >90%
- Grain Size 45-150 microns
- Loss on Ignition (LOI) <2%
- Moisture Content <0.5%
- Refractoriness >1,500°C
- Acid Demand Value (ADV) Low
- Let me know if you need further details on the production process, sand testing methods, or international specifications for foundry sand! 🏗️
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